Tips for defensive Web Designing 提示防御网络设计

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Recently, I perused a book titled “Defensive design for the Web” by 37signals.com.It contains a number of useful guidelines for Web Designing followed by illustrative examples. 最近，我阅读了一本名为“防御设计的网页”的37signals.com.It包含了一些有用的指南网站设计其次是举例说明。 Some of the 一些

notable points are listed below:值得注意的要点如下：

About Error Messages关于错误信息
1)Error messages should be distinctly noticeable. 1 ）错误讯息应清晰明显。
2)Color, Icons, Text should be used to highlight/explain problem area. 2 ）颜色，图标，文字应当使用突出/解释问题领域。
3)Error identification should be consistent throughout the system. 3 ）错误鉴定应当符合整个系统。
4) Need for back and forth clicking in error pages be eliminated. 4 ）需要来回点击网页中的错误予以消除。
5) Custom “404-Page not found ” pages should include following information: 5 ）自订“ 404找不到网页”的网页应包括下列资料：
a) company’s name and logo.一）公司名称和徽标。
b) reason for displaying that page.二）原因，显示该网页。
c) links back to home/other pages.三）连结到家庭/其他网页。
d) search engine.四）搜索引擎。
e) email links so that problem can be reported.戊）电子邮件的联系，使问题能够得到报告。

About Web forms关于Web形式
5) Required fields should be highlighted in the form. 5 ）必填应当强调的形式。
6) Sample entries, drop-downs, formatting hints should be provided. 6 ）样品条目，下拉式起伏，格式化提示应当提供。
7) Entries should be validated ASAP both at the client and the server. 7 ）参赛作品应尽快审定在客户端和服务器。
Use of “Reset” or “Clear” button be discouraged and the “Submit” button be disabled after it is clicked to avoid multiple form submissions.使用“重设”或“清除”按钮劝阻和“提交”按钮被禁用后，点击，以避免多形式提交。
9) Entries made in the form needs to be saved periodically 9 ）项作出的形式需要定期保存
to handle premature drop-outs.处理过早辍学。

About URL redirection关于网址重定向
10) Near-miss URLs should be successfully redirected using sub-domain wild cards(*) etc. 10 ）近错过的网址应成功地重新使用子网域外卡（ * ）等
eg addresses like www3.abc.com or www2.abc.com can be directed to abc.com.如地址一样www3.abc.com或www2.abc.com可向abc.com 。

Use of HTML ALT tags for images使用ALT标记的HTML图像
11)As usual, ALT tags should contain concise but precise description of the images being used so that users withslow Internet connection or with text-only browsers may use it without hindrance. 11 ）像往常一样， ALT标记应包含简洁的，但确切的描述的图像被用来使用户withslow互联网连接或与纯文字的浏览器可能会使用它不受阻碍。 Moreover, it aids Search Engine Crawlers to grant high ranking to thepage.此外，艾滋病的搜索引擎抓取工具授予高排名thepage 。

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